A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot

The paper provides insight into various swarm intelligence based routing protocols for Internet of Things (IoT), which are currently available for the Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are several issues which are limiting the growth of Internet of Things. These include the reliability, link failures, routing, heterogeneity etc. The MANETs and WSNs routing issues impose almost same requirements for IoT routing mechanism. The recent work of the worldwide researchers is focused on this area. protocols are based on the principles of swarm intelligence. The swarm intelligence is applied to achieve the optimality and the efficiency in solving the complex, multi-hop and dynamic requirements of the wireless networks. The application of the ACO technique tries to provide answers to many routing issues. Using the swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization principles, it has been seen that, the protocols’ efficiency definitely increases and also provides more scope for the development of more robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols for the IoT. As the various standard protocols available for MANETs and WSNs are not reliable enough, the paper finds the need of some efficient routing algorithms for IoT

Prognostic Value of Exercise Capacity in Kidney Transplant Candidates

BACKGROUND: Exercise stress testing for cardiovascular assessment in kidney transplant candidates has been shown to be a feasible alternative to pharmacologic methods. Exercise stress testing allows the additional assessment of exercise capacity, which may have prognostic value for long-term cardiovascular outcomes in pre-transplant recipients. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of exercise capacity on long-term cardiovascular outcomes in kidney transplant candidates. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively evaluated exercise capacity in 898 consecutive kidney transplant candidates between 2013 and 2020 who underwent symptom-limited exercise stress echocardiography for pre-transplant cardiovascular assessment. Exercise capacity was measured by age-and sex-predicted metabolic equivalents (METs). The primary outcome was incident major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. Cox proportional hazard multivariable modeling was performed to define major adverse cardiovascular events predictors with transplantation treated as a time-varying covariate. A total of 429 patients (48%) achieved predicted METs. During follow-up, 93 (10%) developed major adverse cardiovascular events and 525 (58%) underwent transplantation. Achievement of predicted METs was independently associated with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; [95% CI 0.29–0.82], P=0.007), as was transplantation (HR, 0.52; [95% CI 0.30–0.91], P=0.02). Patients achieving predicted METs on pre-transplant exercise stress echocardiography had favorable outcomes that were independent (HR, 0.78; [95% CI 0.32–1.92], P=0.59) and of similar magnitude to subsequent transplantation (HR, 0.97; [95% CI 0.42–2.25], P=0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Achievement of predicted METs on pre-transplant exercise stress echocardiography confers excellent prognosis independent of and of similar magnitude to subsequent kidney transplantation. Future studies should assess the benefit on exercise training in this population.Sean Tan, MBBS, Yi Wen Thang, MBBS, William R. Mulley, BMed, PhD, Kevan R. Polkinghorne, MBChB, PhD, Satish Ramkumar, MBBS, PhD, Kevin Cheng, MBBS, Jasmine Chan, BSc, MBBS, John Galligan, MBBS, Mark Nolan, MBBS, PhD, Adam J. Brown, BSc, MB BChir, PhD, Stuart Moir, MBBS, PhD, James D. Cameron, MD, MEngSc, Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD, Philip M. Mottram, MBBS, PhD, Nitesh Nerlekar, MBBS, MPH, Ph

Cryogenic tensile behavior of laser additive manufactured CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys

In the present work the microstructural evolution, tensile properties, and deformation behavior of additively manufactured equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) were investigated at a cryogenic temperature (77 K). Metal additive manufacturing components are known to have exceptional yield strength, without compromising ductility. Here, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and direct energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing processes were chosen as the fabrication techniques and wrought CoCrFeMnNi HEA was also fabricated for comparison. The tensile behaviors at different temperatures (298 K and 77 K) indicated temperature-dependent strength and ductility in all the samples. In particular, the HEA processed by DED exhibited excellent strength and ductility, with exceptional strain hardening, compared to the LPBF and wrought samples at 77 K. Post-tensile microstructures revealed the formation of deformation twinning in addition to dislocation slip as deformation mechanism at 77 K. Our results suggest that cellular structure plays an essential role in yield strength. Moreover, the interactions of the deformation twins and cellular dislocation structures increase strain hardening and help retard plastic instability, thereby improving ductility at 77 K.11Nsciescopu

Proving Termination for Logic Programs by the Query-Mapping Pairs Approach

This paper describes a method for proving termination of queries to logic programs based on abstract interpretation. The method uses query-mapping pairs to abstract the relation between calls in the LD-tree associated with the program and query. Any well founded partial order for terms can be used to prove the termination. The ideas of the query-mapping pairs approach have been implemented in SICStus Prolog in a system called TermiLog, which is available on the web. Given a program and query pattern the system either answers that the query terminates or that there may be non-termination. The advantages of the method are its conceptual simplicity and the fact that it does not impose any restrictions on the programs